Towards a unified model of RAF inhibitor resistance.

نویسندگان

  • David B Solit
  • Neal Rosen
چکیده

ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors elicit profound but often temporary antitumor responses in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. Analysis of tumor samples collected at the time of disease progression indicates that alterations within the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway that result in reactivation of ERK signaling are present in most patients. Mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway that enhance the adaptive response to RAF inhibitors also contribute to RAF inhibitor resistance in a subset of patients.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Melanoma whole exome sequencing identifies V600EB-RAF amplification-mediated acquired B-RAF inhibitor resistance

The development of acquired drug resistance hampers the long-term success of B-RAF inhibitor therapy for melanoma patients. Here we show (V600E)B-RAF copy-number gain as a mechanism of acquired B-RAF inhibitor resistance in 4 out of 20 (20%) patients treated with B-RAF inhibitor. In cell lines, (V600E)B-RAF overexpression and knockdown conferred B-RAF inhibitor resistance and sensitivity, respe...

متن کامل

Resistance to RAF inhibitors revisited

In early 2011, we reviewed the initial success of the RAF inhibitor vemurafenib in mutant V600 BRAF melanoma patients. It was soon evident that the response to RAF inhibitor is heterogeneous and that the short-term benefits are burdened by the development of resistance. The field has progressed rapidly with the Food and Drug Administration approval of vemurafenib and the development of other RA...

متن کامل

The genetic landscape of clinical resistance to RAF inhibition in metastatic melanoma.

Most patients with BRAF(V600)-mutant metastatic melanoma develop resistance to selective RAF kinase inhibitors. The spectrum of clinical genetic resistance mechanisms to RAF inhibitors and options for salvage therapy are incompletely understood. We performed whole-exome sequencing on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors from 45 patients with BRAF(V600)-mutant metastatic melanoma who receive...

متن کامل

NFκB-regulation of c-FLIP promotes TNFα-mediated RAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma

Targeted inhibitors elicit heterogeneous clinical responses in genetically stratified groups of patients. Although most studies focus on tumor intrinsic properties, factors in the tumor microenvironment were recently found to modulate the response to inhibitors. Here, we show that in cutaneous BRAF V600E melanoma, the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) blocks RAF inhibitor-induced apoptosi...

متن کامل

Mixed lineage kinases activate MEK independently of RAF to mediate resistance to RAF inhibitors

RAF inhibitor therapy yields significant reductions in tumour burden in the majority of V600E-positive melanoma patients; however, resistance occurs within 2-18 months. Here we demonstrate that the mixed lineage kinases (MLK1-4) are MEK kinases that reactivate the MEK/ERK pathway in the presence of RAF inhibitors. Expression of MLK1-4 mediates resistance to RAF inhibitors and promotes survival ...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • Cancer discovery

دوره 4 1  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2014